About Jørn Utzon, Architect of the Sydney Opera House

Any biography of Jà ¸rn Utzon (born  April 9, 1918) will certainly say that his best-known building is his revolutionary Sydney Opera House in Australia. Yet, as a private Dane born in Copenhagen, Utzon created many other masterpieces in his lifetime. He is noted for his courtyard-style housing in Denmark, but he also designed exceptional buildings in Kuwait and Iran. His architecture combines the organic elements of Frank Lloyd Wright with Middle Eastern and Islamic elements.   Jà ¸rn Utzon was perhaps destined to design buildings that evoke the sea. His father,  Aage Utzon (1885-1970), was director of a shipyard in Alborg, Denmark, and was himself a brilliant naval architect, well-known in the area for designing custom-made yachts. Yachting and racing was an activity within the Utzon family, and the young Jà ¸rn became a good sailor himself. The Utzons grew up with sails. Until about the age of 18, Utzon considered a career as a naval officer. While still in secondary school, he began helping his father at the shipyard, studying new designs, drawing up plans and making model yachts. This activity opened another possibility — that of training to be a naval architect like his father. During summer holidays with his grandparents, Jà ¸rn Utzon met two artists, Paul Schrà ¸der and Carl Kyberg, who introduced him to art. One of his father’s cousins, Einar Utzon-Frank, who happened to be a sculptor and a professor at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, provided additional inspiration. The future architect took an interest in sculpting, and at one point, indicated a desire to be an artist. Even though his final marks in secondary school were quite poor, particularly in mathematics, Utzon excelled in freehand drawing — a talent strong enough to win his admission to the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen. He was soon recognized as having extraordinary gifts in architectural design. While in school, he became interested in the works of architect Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), who would remain influential all of Utzons life. He earned a Diploma in Architecture from the Academy in 1942, and then fled to neutral Sweden during War War II. He worked in the Stockholm office of Hakon Ahlberg for the duration of the War, where he studied the work of Swedish architect Gunnar Asplund (1885-1940), known for what is called Nordic Classicism. Following the War, Utzon had the great opportunity to work with the modernist architect Alvar Aalto at his studio in Finland. By 1949 Utzon had received a grant to travel in Morocco, Mexico, the United States, China, Japan, India, and Australia — a whirlwind world excursion that would eventually inform his architectural designs for years to come.. All of the trips had significance, and Utzon himself described ideas he learned from Mexico. As an architectonic element, the platform is fascinating, Utzon has said. I lost my heart to it on a trip to Mexico in 1949. On the Yucatan he saw land covered by low height, dense jungle. But by building up the platform on a level with the roof of the jungle, says Utzon, these people had suddenly conquered a new dimension that was a worthy place for the worship of their gods. They built their temples on these high platforms, which can be as much as a hundred metres long. From here, they had the sky, the clouds and the breeze.... Utzon remembered this experience as he submitted his design for the Sydney Opera House competition. The next year, in 1950, Utzon returned to Copenhagen, and opened his own practice. Utzons Architecture When looking at the architecture of Jà ¸rn Utzon, the observer notices repeating architectural details — the skylights, the white curves, the appreciation for natural elements, the stationary platform on which Utzon designs may soar. His last project, the Utzon Center in Aalborg, Denmark, opened the year Utzon died, but exhibits the elements he saw throughout his life — the Islamic-like towers, the interior courtyards, the curves and the skylights. The interior of the Bagsvaerd Church, built in 1976, was envisioned with a ceiling of clouds, a sweeping white pillow motif also seen in the 1982 Kuwait National Assembly in Kuwait City and the spiral stairway of the Melli Bank, University of Tehran Branch in 1960 Iran. Yet it is the Sydney Opera House in Australia that has captured the moniker of iconic architecture. The iconic design of the Sydney Opera House complex comes from the shell-shape of the multiple roofs — they are all geometrically part of one sphere. A bonze plaque located onsite visually demonstrates the architectural idea and design solution, who wanted the plaque to explain the spherical concept of the architecture. The key to the shell design is that each shell or sail is an element of a solid sphere. The plaque Inscription tells the story: after three years of intensive search for a basic geometry for the shell complex I arrived in october 1961 at the spherical solution shown here.I call this my key to the shells because it solves all the problems of construction by opening up for mass production, precision in manufacture and simple erection and with this geometrical system I attain full harmony between all the shapes in this fantastic complex.jà ³rn utzon Danish architect Jà ¸rn Utzon was only 38 when he won the competition to build the Sydney Opera House.   The project became the highlight of his career but brought enormous challenges in engineering and building technology. Utzons winning design, submitted in 1957, moved through a complicated process with many adaptations and innovations before the Sydney Opera House officially opened on October 20, 1973. Utzons Legacy Ada Louise Huxtable, an architecture critic and a member of the 2003 Pritzker Prize jury, commented, In a forty year practice, each commission displays a continuing development of ideas both subtle and bold, true to the teaching of early pioneers of a new architecture, but that cohere in a prescient way, most visible now, to push the boundaries of architecture toward the present. This has produced a range of work from the sculptural abstraction of the Sydney Opera House that foreshadowed the avant garde expression of our time, and is widely considered to be the most notable monument of the 20th century, to handsome, humane housing and a church that remains a masterwork today. Carlos Jimenez, an architect on the Pritzker Jury, noted that ...each work startles with with its irrepressible creativity. How else to explain the lineage binding those indelible ceramic sails on the Tasmanian Sea, the fertile optimism of the housing at Fredensborg, or those sublime undulations of the ceilings at Bagsvà ¦rd, to name just three of Utzon’s timeless works. At the end of his life, the Pritzker Prize-winning architect faced new challenges. A degenerative eye condition left Utzon nearly blind. Also, according to news reports, Utzon clashed with his son and grandson over a remodeling project at the Sydney Opera House. The acoustics at the Opera House was criticized, and many people complained that the celebrated theater did not have enough performance or backstage space. Jà ¸rn Utzon died of a heart attack on November 29, 2008 in Copenhagen, Denmark at age 90. He was survived by his wife and their three children, Kim, Jan and Lin, and several grandchildren who work in architecture and related fields. There is no doubt that artistic clashes will be forgotten as the world honors  Jà ¸rn Utzons powerful artistic legacy. The architectural firm he founded, Utzon Associates Architects, is in Hellebaek, Denmark. Sources Biography, The Hyatt Foundation, PDF at https://www.pritzkerprize.com/sites/default/files/inline-files/2003_bio_0.pdfAbout the Utzon Family, https://utzon.dk/utzon-associates-architects/the-utzon-familyJury Citation, The Hyatt Foundation, https://www.pritzkerprize.com/jury-citation-jorn-utzonGouse History, Sydney Opera House, https://www.sydneyoperahouse.com/our-story/sydney-opera-house-history.htm Fast Facts Born April 9, 1918 in Copenhagen, DenmarkInfluenced by Mayan, Islamic, and Chinese architecture; Frank Lloyd Wright and Alvar Aalto; growing up next to a shipyardBest-known as the architect of the Sydney Opera House (1957-1973) in Sydney, AustraliaDied November 29, 2008 in Copenhagen, Denmark

Conformity And Normative Social Psychology - 1538 Words

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The Ethics of Human Cloning Essay Example For Students

The Ethics of Human Cloning Essay Philosophy: The Ethics of Human CloningIn order to make a fully justified decision on whether human cloning is ethical or not, one must be exposed to the background of the subject. To start, a clone is an exact replica of an organism, cell, or gene. The process itself is done asexually with the use of a cell from the original human. It is then placed inside a female capable of bearing a child and is then born as a clone. Along with this comes questions of whether or not it is right to clone a human being based on different facts and opinions of small groups or communities(Dudley 11). The technology of cloning is not quite developed enough for a doctor to be certain that an experiment will be successful. In Scotland, the first sheep was cloned and was named Dolly. It took over 250 tries before they were successful in creating the clone. When news of this reached America, immediately polls showed that ninety percent of Americans were against the idea of cloning humans. Those who support cloning research replied by saying the public based their opinions on fallacies of the news media and, therefore, could not comprehend the whole picture(Farnsworth). Those in favor of cloning might say it can push forward medical research. For example, with cloning technology it may be possible to learn how to replace old cells with new ones. This could lead to a longer life for each individual. Also, with enough research scientists could create clones to act as donors. Some scientists say that human cloning may eventually reverse heart attacks. This accomplishment would take place by injecting healthy heart cells into damaged heart tissue. In addition, cloning could help improve family life. For example, if a couple lost a child they loved dearly and could not reproduce naturally, cloning that child could be an alternative. In this way, the parents would have the chance to love the clone just as much as On the other hand, those against cloning would say that it is wrong for a doctor to harm a clone. If this were allowed, eventually we would compromise the individual. Clones would become second-class citizens. Cloning strips humanity from natural reproduction by leaving a clone with only one parent. In addition, there would be a decline in genetic diversity. In other words, if some day we all have the same genetic makeup and lose the technology of cloning, we would have to resort back to natural reproduction. This would cause problems because it has the same effect as inbreeding. In the same way, clones would feel like they had lost their individuality. For ex ample, their genetic makeup would be known. Also, there could be negative psychological effects that will impact the family and society. For instance, if a clone finds out that s/he has no biological father it may suppress the clones feeling of equality among other naturally born people. Also, there is a chance that the mother or the clone may become sterile. Among all of these there are too many risks for the bearing mothers and embryos. Eventually, it would turn into a routine to destroy human embryos in the process of cloning(The Ethics of Cloning). According to Latter-Day Saints, cloning does not respect the fact that humans have souls and it robs clones of their humanity. God intended the power to create humans to be practiced between a man and a woman in the boundaries of marriage. Do otherwise is taking the work of God into your own hands. This means that humans lack the authority to make decisions about creating or destroying a life. In addition, humans do not have enough kn owledge or power to control outcomes of certain events (Dudley 56). .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971 , .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971 .postImageUrl , .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971 , .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971:hover , .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971:visited , .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971:active { border:0!important; } .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971:active , .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971 .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u58c659a7f6a6d4a001476d0fcdc9c971:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Code of Professional Ethics by American Institute of Certified Public EssayHowever, others believe religion has no place in the debate. They argue, interpreters of the Bible can not agree on what actions God would allow to be done with justified means. In addition, the Koran or the Bible have limits to their validity because they do not address specific issues that need to be answered(Dudley 66). After analyzing the situation, Aristotle would say that human cloning is unethical because bad means are used. For

The Benefits of a Multicultural America free essay sample

In America, people are born and raised to believe that this country was founded on human rights such as life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. In reality these rights were not always accessible for minorities in United States. Minorities in America have had to overcome obstacles including being treated as second class citizens. Multiculturalism has existed throughout the history of America. People have migrated for thousands of years moving into different habitats and spreading their influences over one another. David Burgos a writer for adage, a website that specialize in advertising states, â€Å"I bet most of you thought about Blacks or African Americans and Hispanics. Probably some of you mentioned Asians too, and maybe a few even associated it with non-race- or ethnicity-based minority segments such as Muslims. Indeed, if you are like most of the U. S. population, it is very likely that your response to my question did not include Whites at all. We will write a custom essay sample on The Benefits of a Multicultural America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Why? Because we as a society tend to downplay the role of Whites when the conversation centers on race-related topics† (Burgos). The mixing of different cultures has resulted in many different outcomes depending on their situation. The belief that several different cultures can coexist peacefully and equitably in a single country, this is the idea we hope to achieve. Multiculturalism is a belief that encourages the settlement of communities that contains different aspects of cultural behaviors and thinking. Throughout the history of the United States, the concept of different cultures interacting with each other has affected what has become modern America. In America, the flow of continuous mass immigration has greatly contributed to the economy, political atmosphere, and the demographics of the country. The myth of the American dream was created in the 19th century which people spread rumors across the world about a country that was culturally diverse with a melting Pot of tradition. The complex situations in modern American are diverse and demand different cultures working together to make this country better. Native Americans were the first known humans to inhabit North America. Hundreds of tribes and civilizations existed and vanished due to famine, war, and other unknown causes. Before the Europeans arrived, Native Americans were naturalists and viewed the world as a gift from their gods. The colonists viewed the Natives land as an opportunity for them to continue colonel expand. Ninian R, Stein, a professor for brown university writes, â€Å"For the early European colonists who settled in Southern New England, subsistence, or more explicitly agriculture, was the culturally defined way of determining both land ownership and cultural identity. These settlers and subsequent generations turned their gaze to Native American peoples in efforts to categorize Native subsistence creating images that persist in the historical literature. Images of Native American subsistence remain central to how we today understand, reconstruct and attempt to represent Pre-Contact landscapes in Southern New England. † Although both groups had different views of life, they still managed to find a way to communicate and encourage trade. This is the start to a multicultural idea in America and has spread out throughout decades. An influx of people with even greater diversities in culture followed the first Europeans including Irish and Chinese people. America became stronger due to diverse abilities that people from all over the world possessed. Multiculturalism is not just diversity in a country, because almost every country in this world has a curtain aspect in which can be argued is indeed diversified. Examples of this might include the Christians in Syria which are indeed minority in a Muslim country. Although this is diversity in a religion sense, it does not qualify as a different cultural because of the close interrogation within the two sub groups. The Christians and Muslims have lived together for hundreds of years, the only thing that separate the two groups from being entirely similar in life is religion. In order for groups to be classified as multicultural they have to be culturally different. One group of people that was completely different from Native Americans and Europeans are Africans. Africans are unique because they are the only group of individuals that came to the land of the free by force. The African slave trade brought millions of Africans to America for slave labor. African traditions and customs have influenced almost everything in America. Music, pop cultural, books all have curtain aspects that can be traced back to Africa. The descendants of Africans have also influenced the country from the federal level by leading the civil rights movement and other historical situations that help make this country fair and equal for everyone. An article in the morning call, does a great job describing the impact that Africans have had on modern America, â€Å"The landslide election of a black president is a testament to the American people and an affirmation of one of the most important principles in the Declaration of Independence: All men are created equal(Cole). African Americans have gone through a tremendous shift in life that has benefited everyone in the country. Another group of people that had an impact in the multicultural growth of the United States is the Irish. The Irish were a people from Ireland who migrated to America in hopes of seeking a new and better life. Irish people wanted jobs and money in order to survive the potato famine that divested the population of Ireland Glen, Elsasser, a writer for the Chicago tribune states, At the time of the famine, Irelands population was approximately 9 million, whose district encompasses the old waterfront neighborhood of Fells Point, where the so-called coffin ships from Ireland docked with cargoes of dead and diseased victims of the Great Hunger. Approximately 1 million perished and almost 2 million emigrated. You are talking about a nation that lost a third of its population† (Elsasser). This quote does a great job explaining the challenges Irish faced coming to America. The transcontinental railroad was a great opportunity for people in the Irish communities to find work. The majority of workers on the railroad were Irish and Chinese workers. The Irish were quick learners who integrated quickly into American culture redefining as a whole. There have been presidents, novelists, and countless other important people in American that can trace their ancestry to Ireland. Most people in America understand and embrace the contributions that the Irish people have had on the multicultural growth of America.

Free Essays on Fed EX

Literatures 1. The new economy requires innovation to gaining competitive advantage When we talk about the new economy, we're talking about a world in which people work with their brains instead of their hands; a world in which communications technology creates global competition - not just for running shoes and laptop computers, but also for bank loans and other services that can't be packed into a crate and shipped; a world in which innovation is more important than mass production; a world in which investment buys new concepts or the means to create them, rather than new machines; a world in which rapid change is a constant; a world at least as different from what came before it as the industrial age was from its agricultural predecessor; a world so different its emergence can only be described as a revolution. The Characteristics of the new economy include:  · Significant levels of technological innovation, investing in innovative activities with new product/services or developments in existing product/services continually coming on stream;  · Schumpeterian competition  · High fixed costs in relation to variable costs  · Fixed costs often sunk costs  · Potentially long lived assets  · High levels of uncertainty over the size and longevity of the market for any given product or service  · Multiple products/services manifesting economies of scope as well as economies of scale.  · Some degree of vertical integration for at least some firms in the industry  · Investment in innovative products, and  · Subsequent pricing strategy (product life cycle pricing) . The primary challenges are:  · Accelerating rates of change  · Increasing levels of competition  · The globalization of business competition  · Rapid technological change  · Amore diverse work force  · Resource shortage  · The transition from an industry to a knowledge-based society  · Unstable market and economic condition  · Increasing demands of const... Free Essays on Fed EX Free Essays on Fed EX Literatures 1. The new economy requires innovation to gaining competitive advantage When we talk about the new economy, we're talking about a world in which people work with their brains instead of their hands; a world in which communications technology creates global competition - not just for running shoes and laptop computers, but also for bank loans and other services that can't be packed into a crate and shipped; a world in which innovation is more important than mass production; a world in which investment buys new concepts or the means to create them, rather than new machines; a world in which rapid change is a constant; a world at least as different from what came before it as the industrial age was from its agricultural predecessor; a world so different its emergence can only be described as a revolution. The Characteristics of the new economy include:  · Significant levels of technological innovation, investing in innovative activities with new product/services or developments in existing product/services continually coming on stream;  · Schumpeterian competition  · High fixed costs in relation to variable costs  · Fixed costs often sunk costs  · Potentially long lived assets  · High levels of uncertainty over the size and longevity of the market for any given product or service  · Multiple products/services manifesting economies of scope as well as economies of scale.  · Some degree of vertical integration for at least some firms in the industry  · Investment in innovative products, and  · Subsequent pricing strategy (product life cycle pricing) . The primary challenges are:  · Accelerating rates of change  · Increasing levels of competition  · The globalization of business competition  · Rapid technological change  · Amore diverse work force  · Resource shortage  · The transition from an industry to a knowledge-based society  · Unstable market and economic condition  · Increasing demands of const...

Revise Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Philosophy and Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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